8/19/2023 0 Comments Poc molecular diagnosticsInfectious disease MDx POCT is also lacking in the number of pathogens that can be identified at once and has insufficient phenotypic information on pathogens. Infectious disease MDx requires especially careful handling of specimens and test procedures to prevent the spread of viral molecules and aerosol from the sample and cross-contamination in the community. For instance, molecular diagnostics (MDx) involves numerous steps and reagents for sample preparation, including extractions and the purification of nucleic acids from specimens, amplification of a specific sequence, and confirmation of the target molecules. However, innovative multiplexed molecular POC testing has yet to be applied to infectious diseases because of the complex sample preparation required and the low throughput diagnosis. difficile, enterococci or multi-resistant enterobacteria. A few molecular POC tests exploit the early diagnosis of frequent infections, such as influenza and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) caused by S. The field has now expanded to encompass a comprehensive syndromic approach that simultaneously detects several similar pathogens. Ultimately, exclusive molecular POC technologies may be implemented in the central care method in limited-resource settings.Ĭlinical microbiological and virological POC molecular diagnostics have initially addressed the optimization of technologies from centralized laboratories to the medical checkup field, regardless of the number of detectable pathogens. Those rapid-throughput results would give providers confidence in prescribing the proper treatment (Fig. In addition, it could lead to pathogen detection derived from a small amount of specimen, with delivery of results in just a few hours. could dramatically improve the accuracy and sensitivity of molecular POC testing (MDx POCT). The successful migration of molecular diagnostics from universal laboratories to the clinical setting. Molecular tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other nucleic acid-based amplification technologies (NAATs), have gradually replaced or augmented traditional laboratory techniques for pathogen identification in the form of POC testing, because these tests can detect fastidious or uncultivable microorganisms that indicate possible poly-microbial infection. Since experience-based empiric treatment is a possible driver of over-broad and unnecessary antibiotic usage, rapid POC diagnostic testing has become a promising solution to this problem. In fact, the treatment of infectious diseases are rarely considered to be model applications of personalized medicine however, this perception is gradually changing due to a substantial increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to antibiotics due to unnecessary usage. In the paradigm of personalized medicine, the sample in and answer out approach of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics has the potential to empower physicians with the ability to make early evidence-based treatment decisions so that the right medication can be administered to the patient earlier, which can improve the prognosis. Symptoms including fever, cough, vomiting, abdominal pain, myalgia, and headache are often not sufficiently specific to differentiate the exact etiology for an infectious disease. In general, patients with infectious illness present common symptoms. We also discuss promising and imperative clinical POC approaches, as well as the possible hurdles of their practical applications as front-line diagnostic tests.Ī personalized medicine and treatment regimen, which establishes clinical plans on a patient-by-patient basis in the treatment of infectious diseases, is a trending topic in the field of clinical microbiology and virology. This review focuses on state-of-the-art multiplexed molecular point-of-care tests (POCT) for infectious diseases and efforts to overcome their limitations, especially related to inadequate throughput for the identification of syndromic diseases. In addition, these tests can be simple enough to operate at the primary care level and in remote settings where there is no laboratory infrastructure. Multiplex POC tests provide higher accuracy to for actionable decisionmaking in critical care, which leads to pathogen-specific treatment and standardized usages of antibiotics that help prevent unnecessary processes. More recently, it has transitioned into a comprehensive syndromic approach that employs multiplex capabilities, including the simultaneous detection of two or more pathogens. Point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics for clinical microbiology and virology has primarily focused on the detection of a single pathogen.
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